北京玛丽妇婴医院专家提醒：妇科炎症易引起宫外孕

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慢性盆腔炎、输卵管炎者

北京玛丽妇婴医院的专家说，慢性盆腔炎是最常见的干扰受精卵正常运行的因素，是宫外孕的常见和主要原因。引起输卵管炎的病因主要是引起性传播疾病的病原体，常见有淋球菌和沙眼衣原体。炎症使输卵管粘膜粘连、狭窄、不规则，这些病理改变导致输卵管壁肌肉蠕动减弱，从而影响孕卵的运送。孕卵在输卵管中被阻滞，即可能就地着床发育，发生输卵管妊娠。

阑尾炎穿孔是宫外孕的另一高危因素，阑尾穿孔形成阑尾周围脓肿，累及输卵管损害，阻塞了输卵管，使宫外孕的危险性增加2倍。

有过宫外孕病史者，再次发生宫外孕的概率就较高。宫外孕治疗时保留输卵管者，再发生宫外孕的比例较高，但重复宫外孕也常发生在对侧输卵管，提示可能两侧输卵管都存在同一种潜在的功能障碍。

人工流产与宫外孕肯定有关，其危害性增加1倍。人流次数越多，宫外孕的危险越大。盆腔子宫内膜异位症也可能是宫外孕的危险因素。

此外，北京玛丽妇婴医院的专家还提到，近年来认为，吸烟可能是发生宫外孕的一个独立的危险因素。尼古丁能引起输卵管纤毛的逆蠕动而打乱输卵管的正常活动，推迟卵细胞进入子宫或推迟胚泡的形成和种植。此外，吸烟还增加盆腔炎的危险性，导致输卵管的解剖结构异常，从而使吸烟者增加了发生宫外孕的危险性。

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